Protocol error (unknownError): Failed to open input source 'data:text/css;charset=utf8,body%3Anot(%5Bid%5D)%20%7B%20cursor%3A%20auto%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptOpaqued__%20%7B%20opacity%3A%201%20!important%3B%20visibility%3A%20visible%3B%20filter%3A%20none%20!important%20%7D%20iframe.__noscriptOpaqued__%20%7B%20display%3A%20block%20!important%3B%20%7D%20object.__noscriptOpaqued__%2C%20embed.__noscriptOpaqued__%20%7B%20display%3A%20inline%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptJustOpaqued__%20%7B%20opacity%3A%201%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptScrolling__%20%7B%20overflow%3A%20auto%20!important%3B%20min-width%3A%2052px%20!important%3B%20min-height%3A%2052px%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptNoScrolling__%20%7B%20overflow%3A%20hidden%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptHidden__%20%7B%20visibility%3A%20hidden%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptBlank__%20%7B%20background-color%3A%20white%20!important%3B%20color%3A%20white%20!important%3B%20border-color%3A%20white%20!important%3B%20background-image%3A%20none%20!important%20%7D' utils.js:157
Protocol error (unknownError): Failed to open input source 'data:text/css;charset=utf8,body%3Anot(%5Bid%5D)%20%7B%20cursor%3A%20auto%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptOpaqued__%20%7B%20opacity%3A%201%20!important%3B%20visibility%3A%20visible%3B%20filter%3A%20none%20!important%20%7D%20iframe.__noscriptOpaqued__%20%7B%20display%3A%20block%20!important%3B%20%7D%20object.__noscriptOpaqued__%2C%20embed.__noscriptOpaqued__%20%7B%20display%3A%20inline%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptJustOpaqued__%20%7B%20opacity%3A%201%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptScrolling__%20%7B%20overflow%3A%20auto%20!important%3B%20min-width%3A%2052px%20!important%3B%20min-height%3A%2052px%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptNoScrolling__%20%7B%20overflow%3A%20hidden%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptHidden__%20%7B%20visibility%3A%20hidden%20!important%20%7D%20.__noscriptBlank__%20%7B%20background-color%3A%20white%20!important%3B%20color%3A%20white%20!important%3B%20border-color%3A%20white%20!important%3B%20background-image%3A%20none%20!important%20%7D' rules.js:801
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0
Actual result: Inspector with sidebar gets opened, style inspector on the right shows "No element selected" for glimpse and then is empty (and Browser Console shows error mentioned earlier).
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0
Yes, it would, because the data: URI stylesheet in your post comes from NoScript. This is as much a NoScript issue as it is a Stylish issue, i.e. not at all.
I suggest filing a bug on Bugzilla, if there isn't one already.
*Always* check the changelogs BEFORE updating that important software!